Saturday, December 19, 2020

Corona Daily 232: The Strange Case of Ice Hockey


Against all odds, Canada is hosting the 2021 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship in Edmonton. Starting on Christmas day, and culminating on 5 January, it will be held behind closed doors, in other words no spectators allowed. All teams are held in an Edmonton bubble with strict regulations.

This week, eight German players tested positive. Germany’s training matches against Austria (21 Dec) and Czech (23 Dec) are cancelled. Two members of Sweden are also in isolation. Two American players were sent home. Three weeks ago, Hockey Canada had to suspend its selection camp and quarantine all players for fourteen days, after two players tested positive.  

These are the under-20 players. As we know, the coronavirus has little impact on the young. Moreover, these are some of the fittest kids in the world. But ice hockey has been plagued by an astoundingly high number of cases. 29-year-old Tyler Amburgey was the coach of two hockey teams. In August, he initially caught a cold from the chill of the ice rinks. This was not unusual, he had it every year. It progressed to a headache, fatigue and shortness of breath. Thirty kids he had coached had tested positive. On the third day, 29 August, Amburgey died.

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Scientists are studying hockey-related outbreaks to learn why hockey players are getting infected so often. Several theories have been suggested.

Hockey players are sprinting the whole time on ice. This leads to heavier breathing resulting in more particles being inhaled and exhaled.

One theory is that the spaces occupied by the rinks keep the virus suspended, possibly at the height of six to nine feet above the ice. Similar outbreaks were documented at other super-cold venues like meat processing factories.

This is an indoor game. The rink is surrounded by plexiglass to prevent errant pucks and keep the game dynamic (unlike soccer which pauses once the football goes beyond the marked line). The plexiglass keeps the airflow stable, and ice cold. Ice rinks are designed so that there is little ventilation or humidity. It seems like an ideal ground for the coronavirus.

Lab experiments have shown that at 86F (30C) the airborne virus takes 52 minutes to decay, at 50F (10C), it takes 109 minutes, more than double the time.

When humidity is high, the virus attaches itself to bigger droplets and falls to the ground due to the heaviness of the humid drops. (if true, I am happy about the high humidity levels in Mumbai). When the air is dry, the droplets evaporate into small size particles and stay in the air. Lingering at a height of six feet above the ice, they can easily enter the nostrils of the hockey players. Research has also shown that in general, cold temperature and low humidity can make some people more susceptible to viruses, possibly because of lowered immunity.

I must emphasise these are theories and speculations at this stage. But the high number of cases among the ice hockey players is a fact. The tragic death of a 29-year-old coach is also a fact. Ice hockey involves vigorous physical exertion accompanied by deep, heavy breathing. During the game players frequently move from the ice surface to the bench while still breathing heavily.

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Although the International Ice Hockey Federation has cancelled most events by now, the World Junior Championship starting next week is an exception. Governors of seven American states, including New York, New Jersey and Connecticut have banned competitive hockey until the end of January.

Investigating the case of ice hockey is essential because it may offer valuable clues about the behaviour of the virus. It may explain why things are so bad in Europe and America in winter time, and so dramatically improving in hot and humid Mumbai.

Ravi   

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